Comparative Performance Evaluation of Multi-Voltage Belt Starter Generator Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems Using Vehicle Simulation and Economic Analysis.

Abstract

The selection of an appropriate electrical voltage architecture is a critical factor in the design of Belt Starter Generator (BSG)-based mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEVs). This study presents a comparative performance evaluation of multi-voltage BSG mild hybrid systems using vehicle simulation and economic analysis. Seven vehicle configurations, including a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle, a 12 V stop-start system, and BSG mild hybrid systems operating at 24 V, 36 V, 48 V, 84 V, and 120 V, were developed and analyzed using the Autonomie simulation platform under the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC). Fuel economy, battery behavior, motor performance, regenerative braking capability, and component costs were evaluated for each configuration. The results showed that fuel economy improved with increasing voltage level; however, the incremental benefits beyond the 48 V architecture were relatively small compared to the increase in system cost and complexity. The economic assessment demonstrated that the 48 V BSG system provides the most favorable balance between performance enhancement and manufacturing cost. The findings support the adoption of 48 V mild hybrid technology as an efficient and economically viable solution for future passenger vehicles.

Keywords: Belt Starter Generator; Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle; Vehicle Simulation; Fuel Economy; Economic Analysis.